nesemu/crates/nesemu-desktop/src/main.rs

mod app;
mod audio;
mod input;
mod scheduling;
mod video;

use std::cell::RefCell;
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
use std::rc::Rc;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering as AtomicOrdering};
use std::time::Instant;

use gtk::gdk;
use gtk::gio;
use gtk::glib;
use gtk::prelude::*;
use gtk4 as gtk;
use nesemu::prelude::EmulationState;
use nesemu::{FRAME_HEIGHT, FRAME_RGBA_BYTES, FRAME_WIDTH};

use app::DesktopApp;
use scheduling::DesktopFrameScheduler;

const APP_ID: &str = "org.nesemu.desktop";
const TITLE: &str = "NES Emulator";
const SCALE: i32 = 3;
const SAMPLE_RATE: u32 = 48_000;

fn main() {
    if std::env::var_os("GSK_RENDERER").is_none() {
        unsafe {
            std::env::set_var("GSK_RENDERER", "cairo");
        }
    }

    let app = gtk::Application::builder().application_id(APP_ID).build();

    let initial_rom: Rc<RefCell<Option<PathBuf>>> =
        Rc::new(RefCell::new(std::env::args().nth(1).map(PathBuf::from)));

    let initial_rom_for_activate = Rc::clone(&initial_rom);
    app.connect_activate(move |app| {
        let rom = initial_rom_for_activate.borrow_mut().take();
        build_ui(app, rom);
    });

    app.run_with_args::<&str>(&[]);
}

fn build_ui(app: &gtk::Application, initial_rom: Option<PathBuf>) {
    let window = gtk::ApplicationWindow::builder()
        .application(app)
        .title(TITLE)
        .default_width((FRAME_WIDTH as i32) * SCALE)
        .default_height((FRAME_HEIGHT as i32) * SCALE)
        .build();

    // --- Header bar ---
    let header = gtk::HeaderBar::new();

    let open_button = gtk::Button::builder()
        .icon_name("document-open-symbolic")
        .tooltip_text("Open ROM (Ctrl+O)")
        .focusable(false)
        .build();

    let pause_button = gtk::Button::builder()
        .icon_name("media-playback-pause-symbolic")
        .tooltip_text("Pause / Resume (P)")
        .focusable(false)
        .sensitive(false)
        .build();

    let reset_button = gtk::Button::builder()
        .icon_name("view-refresh-symbolic")
        .tooltip_text("Reset (Ctrl+R)")
        .focusable(false)
        .sensitive(false)
        .build();

    let volume = Arc::new(AtomicU32::new(f32::to_bits(0.75)));

    let volume_scale = gtk::Scale::with_range(gtk::Orientation::Horizontal, 0.0, 1.0, 0.05);
    volume_scale.set_value(0.75);
    volume_scale.set_draw_value(false);
    volume_scale.set_width_request(100);
    volume_scale.set_tooltip_text(Some("Volume"));
    volume_scale.set_focusable(false);

    {
        let volume = Arc::clone(&volume);
        volume_scale.connect_value_changed(move |scale| {
            let val = scale.value() as f32;
            volume.store(f32::to_bits(val), AtomicOrdering::Relaxed);
        });
    }

    header.pack_start(&open_button);
    header.pack_start(&pause_button);
    header.pack_start(&reset_button);

    let volume_box = gtk::Box::new(gtk::Orientation::Horizontal, 4);
    let volume_icon = gtk::Image::from_icon_name("audio-volume-high-symbolic");
    volume_box.append(&volume_icon);
    volume_box.append(&volume_scale);
    header.pack_end(&volume_box);

    window.set_titlebar(Some(&header));

    // --- Drawing area ---
    let drawing_area = gtk::DrawingArea::new();
    drawing_area.set_hexpand(true);
    drawing_area.set_vexpand(true);

    let overlay = gtk::Overlay::new();
    overlay.set_child(Some(&drawing_area));

    let drop_label = gtk::Label::builder()
        .label("Drop a .nes ROM here\nor press Ctrl+O to open")
        .justify(gtk::Justification::Center)
        .css_classes(["dim-label"])
        .build();
    drop_label.set_halign(gtk::Align::Center);
    drop_label.set_valign(gtk::Align::Center);
    overlay.add_overlay(&drop_label);

    window.set_child(Some(&overlay));

    // --- State ---
    let desktop = Rc::new(RefCell::new(DesktopApp::new(Arc::clone(&volume))));
    let frame_for_draw: Rc<RefCell<Vec<u8>>> = Rc::new(RefCell::new(vec![0u8; FRAME_RGBA_BYTES]));
    let scheduler = Rc::new(RefCell::new(DesktopFrameScheduler::new()));

    // --- Draw function (pixel-perfect nearest-neighbor) ---
    {
        let frame_for_draw = Rc::clone(&frame_for_draw);
        drawing_area.set_draw_func(move |_da, cr, width, height| {
            let frame = frame_for_draw.borrow();
            video::draw_frame(&frame, cr, width, height);
        });
    }

    // --- Helper to sync UI with emulation state ---
    let sync_ui = {
        let pause_button = pause_button.clone();
        let reset_button = reset_button.clone();
        let drop_label = drop_label.clone();
        let window = window.clone();
        move |app_state: &DesktopApp, rom_name: Option<&str>| {
            let loaded = app_state.is_loaded();
            pause_button.set_sensitive(loaded);
            reset_button.set_sensitive(loaded);
            drop_label.set_visible(!loaded);

            if app_state.state() == EmulationState::Running {
                pause_button.set_icon_name("media-playback-pause-symbolic");
                pause_button.set_tooltip_text(Some("Pause (P)"));
            } else {
                pause_button.set_icon_name("media-playback-start-symbolic");
                pause_button.set_tooltip_text(Some("Resume (P)"));
            }

            if let Some(name) = rom_name {
                window.set_title(Some(&format!("{TITLE} — {name}")));
            }
        }
    };
    let sync_ui = Rc::new(sync_ui);

    // --- Load initial ROM ---
    {
        let mut app_state = desktop.borrow_mut();
        if let Some(path) = initial_rom {
            if let Err(err) = app_state.load_rom_from_path(&path) {
                eprintln!("Failed to load ROM '{}': {err}", path.display());
                sync_ui(&app_state, None);
            } else {
                let name = rom_filename(&path);
                sync_ui(&app_state, Some(&name));
            }
        } else {
            sync_ui(&app_state, None);
        }
    }

    // --- Open ROM handler ---
    let do_open_rom = {
        let desktop = Rc::clone(&desktop);
        let scheduler = Rc::clone(&scheduler);
        let sync_ui = Rc::clone(&sync_ui);
        let window = window.clone();
        Rc::new(move || {
            let chooser = gtk::FileChooserNative::new(
                Some("Open NES ROM"),
                Some(&window),
                gtk::FileChooserAction::Open,
                Some("Open"),
                Some("Cancel"),
            );

            let nes_filter = gtk::FileFilter::new();
            nes_filter.set_name(Some("NES ROMs"));
            nes_filter.add_pattern("*.nes");
            chooser.add_filter(&nes_filter);
            let all_filter = gtk::FileFilter::new();
            all_filter.set_name(Some("All files"));
            all_filter.add_pattern("*");
            chooser.add_filter(&all_filter);

            let desktop = Rc::clone(&desktop);
            let scheduler = Rc::clone(&scheduler);
            let sync_ui = Rc::clone(&sync_ui);
            chooser.connect_response(move |dialog, response| {
                if response == gtk::ResponseType::Accept
                    && let Some(path) = dialog.file().and_then(|f| f.path())
                {
                    let mut app_state = desktop.borrow_mut();
                    if let Err(err) = app_state.load_rom_from_path(&path) {
                        eprintln!("Failed to load ROM '{}': {err}", path.display());
                    } else {
                        scheduler.borrow_mut().reset_timing();
                        let name = rom_filename(&path);
                        sync_ui(&app_state, Some(&name));
                    }
                }
            });

            chooser.show();
        })
    };

    // --- Button handlers ---
    {
        let do_open_rom = Rc::clone(&do_open_rom);
        open_button.connect_clicked(move |_| {
            do_open_rom();
        });
    }

    {
        let desktop = Rc::clone(&desktop);
        let scheduler = Rc::clone(&scheduler);
        let sync_ui = Rc::clone(&sync_ui);
        pause_button.connect_clicked(move |_| {
            let mut app_state = desktop.borrow_mut();
            app_state.toggle_pause();
            scheduler.borrow_mut().reset_timing();
            sync_ui(&app_state, None);
        });
    }

    {
        let desktop = Rc::clone(&desktop);
        let scheduler = Rc::clone(&scheduler);
        let sync_ui = Rc::clone(&sync_ui);
        reset_button.connect_clicked(move |_| {
            let mut app_state = desktop.borrow_mut();
            app_state.reset();
            scheduler.borrow_mut().reset_timing();
            sync_ui(&app_state, None);
        });
    }

    // --- Keyboard shortcuts via actions ---
    let action_open = gio::SimpleAction::new("open", None);
    {
        let do_open_rom = Rc::clone(&do_open_rom);
        action_open.connect_activate(move |_, _| {
            do_open_rom();
        });
    }
    window.add_action(&action_open);
    app.set_accels_for_action("win.open", &["<Ctrl>o"]);

    let action_pause = gio::SimpleAction::new("toggle-pause", None);
    {
        let desktop = Rc::clone(&desktop);
        let scheduler = Rc::clone(&scheduler);
        let sync_ui = Rc::clone(&sync_ui);
        action_pause.connect_activate(move |_, _| {
            let mut app_state = desktop.borrow_mut();
            if app_state.is_loaded() {
                app_state.toggle_pause();
                scheduler.borrow_mut().reset_timing();
                sync_ui(&app_state, None);
            }
        });
    }
    window.add_action(&action_pause);
    app.set_accels_for_action("win.toggle-pause", &["p"]);

    let action_reset = gio::SimpleAction::new("reset", None);
    {
        let desktop = Rc::clone(&desktop);
        let scheduler = Rc::clone(&scheduler);
        let sync_ui = Rc::clone(&sync_ui);
        action_reset.connect_activate(move |_, _| {
            let mut app_state = desktop.borrow_mut();
            if app_state.is_loaded() {
                app_state.reset();
                scheduler.borrow_mut().reset_timing();
                sync_ui(&app_state, None);
            }
        });
    }
    window.add_action(&action_reset);
    app.set_accels_for_action("win.reset", &["<Ctrl>r"]);

    // --- Keyboard controller for joypad input ---
    {
        let desktop = Rc::clone(&desktop);
        let key_controller = gtk::EventControllerKey::new();

        let desktop_for_press = Rc::clone(&desktop);
        key_controller.connect_key_pressed(move |_, key, _, _| {
            let mut app_state = desktop_for_press.borrow_mut();
            app_state.input_mut().set_key_state(key, true);
            gtk::glib::Propagation::Proceed
        });

        key_controller.connect_key_released(move |_, key, _, _| {
            desktop.borrow_mut().input_mut().set_key_state(key, false);
        });

        window.add_controller(key_controller);
    }

    // --- Drag-and-drop ---
    {
        let desktop = Rc::clone(&desktop);
        let scheduler = Rc::clone(&scheduler);
        let sync_ui = Rc::clone(&sync_ui);
        let drop_target = gtk::DropTarget::new(gio::File::static_type(), gdk::DragAction::COPY);
        drop_target.connect_drop(move |_, value, _, _| {
            if let Ok(file) = value.get::<gio::File>()
                && let Some(path) = file.path()
            {
                let mut app_state = desktop.borrow_mut();
                if let Err(err) = app_state.load_rom_from_path(&path) {
                    eprintln!("Failed to load ROM '{}': {err}", path.display());
                    return false;
                }
                scheduler.borrow_mut().reset_timing();
                let name = rom_filename(&path);
                sync_ui(&app_state, Some(&name));
                return true;
            }
            false
        });
        drawing_area.add_controller(drop_target);
    }

    // --- Game loop ---
    {
        schedule_game_loop(
            Rc::clone(&desktop),
            drawing_area.clone(),
            Rc::clone(&frame_for_draw),
            Rc::clone(&scheduler),
        );
    }

    window.present();
}

fn schedule_game_loop(
    desktop: Rc<RefCell<DesktopApp>>,
    drawing_area: gtk::DrawingArea,
    frame_for_draw: Rc<RefCell<Vec<u8>>>,
    scheduler: Rc<RefCell<DesktopFrameScheduler>>,
) {
    let interval = desktop.borrow().frame_interval();
    let delay = scheduler
        .borrow_mut()
        .delay_until_next_frame(Instant::now(), interval);

    glib::timeout_add_local_once(delay, move || {
        {
            let mut app_state = desktop.borrow_mut();
            let now = Instant::now();
            let interval = app_state.frame_interval();

            scheduler.borrow_mut().mark_frame_complete(now, interval);
            app_state.tick();

            frame_for_draw
                .borrow_mut()
                .copy_from_slice(app_state.frame_rgba());
            drawing_area.queue_draw();
        }

        schedule_game_loop(desktop, drawing_area, frame_for_draw, scheduler);
    });
}

fn rom_filename(path: &Path) -> String {
    path.file_name()
        .map(|n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned())
        .unwrap_or_else(|| "Unknown".into())
}